Postmodernism and Poststructuralism in Literature

Postmodernism and Poststructuralism in Literature In what ways do postmodernists and poststructuralists complicate our understanding of reality and its representation in literature and culture? Postmodernism is a shift of emphasis from content to form or style; a transformation from reality into images[1] which is what will be explored in the following essay and also the ways in which postmodernists and poststructuralists complicate reality. Focusing on how it is represented in culture. The theorists that will be focused on in regards to exploring this question are Derrida and Baudrillard with emphasis on the gulf war. Jacques Derrida is one of the major figures in the intellectual life of our time[2] Through his intervention texts are perceived in a different way, he discusses the conflicting relationship between an authors expressed intentions [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] and what the text actually describes.[3] Paying attention to ideas that are inconsistent with its overt statements.[4] Therefore, his theory of deconstruction brings to light [the] suppressed textual conflicts concerning what is ideal, primary or original[5] he focuses on the hierarchies between speech and writing; and nature and culture.[6] An important term when discussing Derrida is differance. Differance arises from his appropriation of Saussures concept of the sign[7] It is used in relation to the oppositions between presence and absence because differance is neither present nor absent but instead it is a kind of absence that generates the effect of presence.[8] The term is neither identity or difference but a kind of differentiation that produces the effect of identity and of difference between those identities.[9] Derrida invents this term to show the alternative understanding that refers to the passage of the infinite, endless differentiation[10] Differance means both to differ and to defer[11] Therefore, it is the unresolved deferral of the identity one might have ascribed to a particular term for example an entirely fixed meaning for the word dog never definitively arrives.[12] Derridas famous statement there is no outside of the text[13] does not mean that there is anything in the world but words on a page or books because Derrida redefined the term text. text means the indefinitely deferring movement of differentiation.[14] Rather than Derrida asking what is there, he interrogates the tangles in which we become entwined when we ask what there is.[15] Human beings tend to project something original which is represented or hypothesized by them, this is referred to as origins which is already enmeshed in language [16] The way we talk about origins, and what is secondary to them, produces the effect that there seems to be an origin.[17] Derrida always depicts origins textually and it is suggested that there may or may not be a beyond to the plays of language, the replies to his famous statement there is nothing outside of the text[18] are mostly in agreement that there is surely something outside of the text such as blood, rain, trees, and bodies, they believe that Derrida denies reality in favour of words[19] this response to his statement misunderstands what Derrida means when he refers to text. For him, the text means differance, spacing, relationality, differentiation, deferral, and delay.[20] By saying that there is nothing out of the text is stating that there is always relationality and differentiation but whatever is imagined as reality, it is argued that differentiation is critical.[21] The critics that object Derridas theories, they suggest the feeling of anger and emotion because emotion is not a text, some critics do defend Derrida but still fail to grasp what he means, for example, they state that it is impossible to describe anger without metaphors [and] linguistic meanings- we have always entered the world of language, [22] and that language constructs the reality in which we live in. Other critics argue that emotion is already differential[23] therefore, they believe that Derrida emphasises that we are always in the world of language, whether people refer to the rain or sun we never stepped out of language to touch the thing itself.[24] However, this explanation is a misunderstanding, according to Derrida a suggestion of rain in itself that I am, however, unable to experience except in the world of language and meaning.[25] This is a deconstructive way of talking because it projects an original world that people believe we cannot access, trapped in some prison of language[26] This raises the issue of a world that we cannot access, Catherine Belsey definition of the real, One can only think of language as a network, a net over the entirety of things, over the totality of the real[27] the real can be a place of traumatic events that should never be confronted, even in dreams[28] the real surrounds us it is a condition of human beings but it is something that is lost to us. constituted by culturally constructed images of reality.[29] A theorist that explores the loss of the real and the replacement of it is Baudrillard. His theory suggests thats simulation and simulacra replaces the real with a copy, no more mirror of being and appearances of the real[30] The real disappears because it is made up of miniaturized units, from matrices, memory banks, and command models.[31] Therefore, it can be reproduced multiple times, it is nothing more than operational. Thus, it is no longer enveloped by an imaginary [so] it is no longer real at all, it is hyperreal[32] The age of simulation begins with a liquidation of all referentials, by artificial resurrection in [a] system of signs.[33] Baudrillard suggests that this becomes a question of substituting signs of the real for the real itself[34] this process is to deter every real process by its operational double Baudrillard describes it as a perfect descriptive machine which provides all the signs of the real[35] therefore, the real is not needed to be reproduced ever again. He goes on to say that to simulate something is to feign to have what one hasnt [36]however, he suggests that to do this is not to simply feign because feigning always leaves reality intact [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the difference us always clear, it is only masked;[37] but simulation on the other hand threatens the difference between what is true and what is false between the real and the imaginary because the simulator produces true symptoms[38] so simulation is a play of illusions and phantasms[39] Moreover, Baudrillards the gulf war did not take place suggests that the war that took place during January and February 1991 was a TV gulf war.[40] It is a perfect example of Baudrillards theory. a hyperreal scenario in which events lose their identity and signifiers fade into one[41] suggesting that the medias representation as purveyor of reality[42]what viewers saw on the TV was for the most part a clean war with lots of pictures of weaponry, including the amazing footage from the nose-cameras of smart bombs.[43] Baudrillard insists that technological simulacra neither displace nor der the reality of war[44] instead becoming an integral part of the operation. Technology allowed the boundaries between simulation and reality to become blurred[45] Baudrillard argues that under these conditions the virtual has overtaken the actual[46] and it functions to deter the real event and leaves only the simulacrum of war[47] however, as he points out this does not mean it is unreal in the sen se that it does not have real effects[48] therefore, the real vanishes into the virtual. The event of war had become obscene and insupportable[49] like every real event. Therefore, we are confronted with a virtual apocalypse, a hegemony[50] which is ultimately more dangerous than real apocalypse[51] in turn our virtual had definitely taken over the actual and we must be content with this extreme[52] because we are no longer in a logic of the passage from virtual to actual but in a hyperrealist logic of deterrence of the real by the virtual[53] Derrida misunderstands Baudrillard by stating that he finds it interesting that simulacra of images, television, the manipulation of information, reportage[à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] nullified the event[54] he agrees that something like this or something analogues happened[55] however, he quickly asserts his disagreement by suggesting that this should not make us forget-and the event unforgettable- that there were deaths[à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] that no logic of simulacrum can make us forget.[56] Baudrillard does not deny that there were any deaths in the war, Baudrillard is suggesting that the media controlled the way in which people viewed the war, how they were exposed to it and desensitised to it through its representation. Another example of simulation would be Existenz[57]. The film played with the idea that a digitally created simulation could invisibly and seamlessly replace the solid, messy analogy world of our everyday life[58] The film the Matrix[59] also gives an idea of a simulation where social control was nearly complete[60] therefore, by opposing the imagery with the real as two different narrative registers in the same film [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] Hollywood narrative, even in the most outlandish form, asserts all the more stridently its status as reality[61] Overall, Theorists such as Derrida and Baudrillard complicate our understanding by suggesting that what we know to be reality is in fact not what we think. Baudrillard believes that our reality is replaced by a simulation that we have to come to accept, this simulation is controlled by outlets such as the media Derrida suggests that language does not construct our reality like critics have previously stated but instead suggests that we project an origin of an original world which we cannot gain access to. Films mentioned above also show how we can live in a world of simulation instead of the real which we try to gain back but never achieve. Bibliography Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations, Julie, Rivkin, Michael, Ryan, Literary Theory: An Anthology, 2nd Edition (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004) Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, 1st Edition (Australia: Power Publications, 1991) Belsey, Catherine, Culture and The Real, 1st Edition (London: Routledge, 2005) Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, 1st Edition (UK: Granta Books, 2005) Evans, Mikhail, The Singular Politics of Derrida and Baudrillard, 1st Edition (Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) Iwata, Hiroo, Dr. Strange Device Or; How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Media Art, The Journal Of The Institute Of Image Information And Television Engineers, 66 (2012), 219-222 Sarup, Madan, An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism, 2nd Edition (Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993) [1] Sarup, Madan, An Introductory Guide to Post-Structuralism and Postmodernism, 2nd Edition (Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993) [2] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, 1st Edition (UK: Granta Books, 2005) p.xi [3] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 28 [4] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 28 [5] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 28 [6] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 29 [7] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 29 [8] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 29 [9] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 29 [10] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 31 [11] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 31 [12] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 31 [13] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 33 [14] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 33 [15] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 33 [16] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [17]Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [18] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [19] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [20] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [21] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 34 [22] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 35 [23] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 35 [24] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 35 [25] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 35 [26] Deutscher, Penelope, how to Read Derrida, p. 35 [27] Belsey, Catherine, Culture and The Real, 1st Edition (London: Routledge, 2005) p, 49 [28] Belsey, Catherine, Culture and The Real, p. 49 [29] Belsey, Catherine, Culture and The Real, p. 52-54 [30] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations, Julie, Rivkin, Michael, Ryan, Literary Theory: An Anthology, 2nd Edition (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004), pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [31] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp.365-337 (p. 366). [32] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [33] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [34] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [35] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [36] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [37] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 366). [38] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 367). [39] Baudrillard, Jean, Simulacra and Simulations. pp. 365-337 (p. 369). [40] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, 1st Edition (Australia: Power Publications, 1991) p.2 [41] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 2 [42] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 2 [43] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 3 [44] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 4 [45] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 4 [46] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 8 [47] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 8 [48] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 9 [49] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 9 [50] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 27 [51] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 27 [52] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 27 [53] Baudrillard, Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, p. 27 [54] Evans, Mikhail, The Singular Politics of Derrida and Baudrillard, 1st Edition (Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), pp. 54-55 [55] Evans, Mihail, The Singular Politics of Derrida and Baudrillard, pp. 54-55 [56] Evans, Mihail, The Singular Politics of Derrida and Baudrillard, pp. 54-55 [57] David Cronenberg (dir.), Existenz (Alliance Atlantis Communications, 1999). Momentum Pictures, 1999. [58] Iwata, Hiroo, Dr. Strange Device Or; How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Media Art, The Journal Of The Institute Of Image Information And Television Engineers, 66 (2012), 219-222 [59] Wachowski Brothers (dir.), The Matrix (Warner Bros, 1999). Warner Home Video, 2007. [60] Iwata, Hiroo, Dr. Strange Device Or; How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Media Art. [61] Iwata, Hiroo, Dr. Strange Device Or; How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Media Art

Types of Salad Dressings

Most markets carry packaged dressings in an array of flavors, and it is also possible to make them at home. A number Of materials are used as bases for salad dressing, such as oils, dairy products, and mayonnaise Oils are the basis of vinaigrette, simple blends of oil, vinegar , and herbs, and they are also used in many Asian dressings, along with ingredients such as soy sauce Dairy products like cream, yoga art , and creme franchise, are also common bases for dressings, especially in Eastern Europe.In addition to a base, a dressing can include a wide variety of things, including fresh herbs, pickled vegetables or relish fermented foods like vinegar or soy sauce, nuts, and dried or fresh fruit. Other condiments, such as salad cream or ketchup , can also be included, as can spicy additions, like chilies, and sweet ones, such as s agar and molasses. Many cultures have a specific dressing in common usage, such as the blend of yogurt, cucumber , and lemon juice used in the Mediterranean to dress simple salads, or the vinaigrette, which is in wide use in France and Italy.Dressings can be thick and creamy, as is the case with blue cheese and ranch dressings, which use a dairy base, or they may be light and runny. Some are even designed for a specific salad, like Caesar dressing for the salad of the same name. Many cultures also have specific preferences about the amount that is used, with some salads being drenched dressing, while others are only lightly spirited with just enough to be refresh nag. Types of Salad Dressings: . Vinaigrette Dressings ; One of the most common types of salad dressings available, vinaigrette combine vinegar and oil in its most simple form, with herbs and spices added for flavor.For example; adding garlic, oregano, parsley, basil and lemon juice turn NSA it onto an Italian dressing. Other vinaigrette use different types of vinegar such balsamic, a dark vinegar made from grape juice. Likewise, a red wine vinaigrette combines red wine vinegar with olive oil and optional herbs and spices. Other common vinaigrette include Greek dressing and raspberry vinaigrette. Vinaigrette Dressing Recipes 1 . Smoked Paprika Vinaigrette This tasty salad dressing also makes a great marinade. It's so easy to throw together with your food processor.Add a pinch of sugar if too tart. Ingredients: ; h cup red wine vinegar ; h cup honey ; 1 tablespoon stormbound mustard % teaspoon groundbreaking pepper ; % tablespoon salt ; 1 1/4 tablespoon smoked paprika ; 1 clove garlic ; 2 tablespoon chopped onion ; h tablespoon oregano ; 1 pinch white sugar ; 1/2 cup Olive Oil Directions Blend the red wine vinegar, honey, mustard, lime juice, pepper, salt, paprika, garlic, onion, oregano, and sugar together in a blender until thoroughly mixed .Drizzle the olive oil into the mixture while blending on low. Chill at least 1 hour before e serving. 2. Pear Vinaigrette This is a light and lovely salad dressing that lends itself well to a simple and elegant salad .I love to use it on a salad of butter lettuce, Aragua, goat cheese , and characterized pecans ; 1 ripe pear peeled, cored, and chopped ; 1/2 cup white wine ; 1 clove garlic, chopped ; 2 teaspoons Dijon mustard ; 1/4 cup white balsamic vinegar ; 1 teaspoon ground black pepper ; 1/4 teaspoon sea salt Blend the pear, white wine, garlic, Dijon mustard, white balsamic vinegar, black pepper, and sea salt in a blender until well combined; drizzle the olive oil into the mixture in a thin, steady stream while continuing to blend.Blend a few second DSL longer until the salad dressing is thick and creamy. 3. Raspberry Vinaigrette Dressing This dressing has a mild raspberry flavor. I usually prepare it with canola oil. ; 1/2 cup vegetable oil ; 1/2 cup raspberry wine vinegar ; 1/2 cup white sugar ; 1/4 teaspoon dried oregano ; 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper In a jar with a tight fitting lid, combine the oil, vinegar, sugar, mustard, oregano o, and pepper. Shake well. 4.Honey Balsamic Vinaigr ette ; 1/2 cup balsamic vinegar ; 1 small onion, chopped ; 1 tablespoon soy sauce ; 3 tablespoons honey ; 1 tablespoon white sugar ; 2 cloves garlic, minced ; 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes 2/3 cup extravagant olive oil Place the vinegar, onion, soy sauce, honey, sugar, garlic, and red pepper flake s into a blender. Puree on high, gradually adding the olive oil. Continue pureeing 2 minutes, or until thick. .Creamy Dressings Mayonnaise is the base for the moonstone creamy dressings, such as Caesar, blue cheese and ranch dressings.According to Slate Magazine, ranch dressing has been the bestselling salad dressing in the Lignite States since 1992. This creamy dressing, invented by the owners of a California dude ranch, combine mayonnaise with buttermilk, lemon juice, salt, pepper, paprika, mustard pop ere and fresh chives and dill. Although traditional Caesar salad is prepared with slightly coddled eggs, the oil and egg whisked together essentially make a mayonnaise, so prepare d mayonnaise is often used in place of the egg. Other creased dressings use sour cream, creme franchise or even yogurt as the main base.Creamy Dressing Recipes 1. Creamy Lemon Dressing This tangy lemony dressing makes a creamy addition to salads or is great drizzled over grilled fish. Try it over a butter lettuce, grape tomatoes, and Engle sis cucumber salad. Try substituting plain Greek yogurt for the sour cream. 1/3 cup fresh lemon juice ; 4 teaspoons lemon zest ; 3 cloves garlic, minced ; 1/4 teaspoon salt ; 1/2 cup olive oil ; 1/2 cup sour cream Combine lemon juice, lemon zest, garlic, Dijon mustard, salt, and pepper in a bowl.Slowly whisk olive oil into the lemon juice mixture until thickened. Whisk sour cream into the mixture. Transfer the dressing to a sellable container. 2. Refrigerate 1 5 minutes to overnight. 2. Creamy Peppercorn Dressing Recipe This creamy salad dressing mixes the nutty and spicy flavors of Parmesan cheese, freshly ground black pepper, and garlic with the tang of sour cream, ay, and lemon juice. Use it as a dip for credits or atop a wedge salad with some crisp y crumbled bacon and cherry tomatoes. 1/2 cup mayonnaise ; 1/3 cup freshly grated Parmesan cheese ; 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice (from about 1 medium lemon) ; 2 tablespoons milk (not nonfat) ; 2 teaspoons freshly ground black pepper ; 2 medium garlic cloves, finely chopped ; 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt Place all of the ingredients in a medium bowl and whisk until combined. Refrigerate in a container with a tight fitting lid for up to 4 days. 3.Taco Salad with Creamy Cilantro Dressing This recipe today is almost a grownup version of my college taco salad. It has many of the same components, but here I've added some quinoa for extra pr tontine and whipped up a super creamy cilantro dressing that's spiked with fresh lime juice e and a little salt. It'd be dreamy used as a dip for fresh veggies (and can vouch for it as a dip with leftover tortilla chips, too). It's good stuff. 1 cup loosely packed cilantro, washed, stems removed, and roughly chopped (about 3/4 bunch) ;h cup sour cream ; 2 tablespoons fresh lime juice (about 1/2 lime) ; 1 clove garlic ; 2 teaspoons sherry vinegar A few grinds of foregrounds black pepper To make the dressing, puree all ingredients in a blender or food processor UN till welcoming and smooth. If the dressing seems thick, drizzle in water a table spoon or two at a time with the blender running until thinned to the point where you lie eke it.Taste and add additional salt and pepper if necessary. 4. Blue Cheese Salad Dressing This homemade blue cheese dressing is easy to make. Bonus prize you can use your favorite blue cheese no matter how mild or pungent, creamy or cru nimbly it may be. ; 8 oz. Blue cheese ; 1/2 cup buttermilk 1/3 cup mayonnaise ; 1/4 cup sour cream ; 1 Tabs. Equality white wine or red wine vinegar ; 1 TTS. Dry mustard ; Salt to taste (optional) Direction In a medium bowl, use a fork to mash the blue ch eese into a paste or crumbly bits, depending on texture of the cheese.Work in the buttermilk until it is as sumo the as possible (or as smooth as you like your blue cheese dressing). Stir in the mayo anise, sour cream, vinegar, and mustard until well blended. Add salt to taste, if you Ii eke (this will depend on how salty the cheese was, you may very well not need any add action salt). Use the dressing immediately or keep, covered and chilled, up to 1 week . Ill. Citrus Dressings For citrus dressings, lemon, lime, grapefruit or orange juice is combined with herbs, spices and olive oil.For a basic citrus dressing combine lemon juice wit h Olive oil, and seasonings of your choice. Citrus juice is often combined with sweet I ingredients such as honey or fruit. One such dressing combines orange juice, lime juice, h none, grated orange peel and olive oil, perfect for a salad that includes fruits such a s strawberries, blueberries and tangerines. Greens with Citrus Dressing Recipe You don 't miss the oil when topping a green salad with this light and tangy homemade dressing. 1/3 cup orange juice 1/4 cup cider red wine vinegar ; 3 tablespoons water ; 2 tablespoons lemon juice ; 1 1/2 teaspoons grated orange peel ; 1 tablespoon finely chopped raisins, optional ; Torn mixed salad greens In a jar with a tightening lid, combine orange juice, vinegar, honey, water, elm juice, orange peel and raisins if desired; shake well. Serve over salad greens. 2. Mixed Green Salad With Citrus Dressing Salad greens should be crisp, with firm outer leaves. They should also smell s wet, not bitter. When possible, purchase unpackaged lettuce.Ingredients: ; 2 tablespoons fresh orange juice ; 1 tablespoon honey ; 1 tablespoon minced shallot ; 2 teaspoons whitened vinegar ; Coarse salt and ground pepper ; 2 tablespoons extravagant olive oil ; 1 bunch (8 ounces) Aragua, stemmed (7 to 8 cups) ; 4 Ounces ferries, torn in batteries pieces (4 cups) ; 1 small head radicchio (4 ounces), torn in bite s pieces (4 cups) 1 . Len a blender, combine juice, honey, shallot, and vinegar. Season with salt an d pepper. Blend until smooth. With motor running, add oil in a steady stream u until emulsified. . An a large bowl, toss Aragua, ferries, and radicchio with dressing; season wit h more salt and pepper. Serve immediately. Asparagus with Citrus Recipe ; 1 pound fresh asparagus, trimmed ; 1 1/2 teaspoons salt, divided ; 3 tablespoons orange juice ; 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard ; 2 teaspoons sugar ; 1/4 teaspoon pepper ; 1/3 cup Olive Oil ; 2 hardcore egg yolks, chopped, optional In a large skillet, bring 1/2 in. Of water to a boil. Add asparagus and 1 teaspoon alt; boil, uncovered, for 45 minutes or until Christensen.Drain asparagus and pat dry. Transfer to a serving plate. For dressing, in a jar with a tightening lid, combine the orange juice, lemon juju mustard, sugar, pepper, oil and remaining salt; shake well. Pour desired ammo unit of dressing over asparagus. Sprinkle with egg yolks if desired. Serve at room temperature. 4. Roasted Asparagus Salad with Citrus Dressing Rest roasted asparagus and tomatoes on a bed Of Watercress for a special touch. The after dressing is a sweetshop combination of fresh citrus juices, h on eye ND Dijon mustard.

Key Pieces of Toefl Essay Samples 2017

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Each sample TOEFL Writing topic is followed by means of a sample essay and an in-depth score explanation, which is helpful for studiers.

Will Low Interest Rates Eventually Boost Corporate Risk...

Will Low Interest Rates Eventually Boost Corporate Risk-Taking? The intellectual foundation for cutting central bank policy rates to near zero is based on the traditional view that a lower cost of debt funding will boost aggregate demand via an increase in capital spending as well as higher borrowing by the private sector. The credibility of this viewpoint has, however, been increasingly questioned over time, particularly in the wake of Japan’s prolonged experience with ultra-low interest rates and its ensuing failure to encourage the growth of private sector leverage. Nominal interest rates remain very low in advanced economies, but there is considerable variation on inflation-adjusted measures on a cross-border basis. Real interest rates remain high in Japan due to deflationary expectations, despite the fact that prices have ceased falling. It was the persistence of deflationary psychology and high real interest rates that consequently produced a prolonged corporate balance sheet recession, where the main objective was to pay down debt. Risk-taking endeavours, such as capital spending, were, therefore, off-limits during this period. Despite having much healthier balance sheets, Corporate Japan continues to sit on a mountain of cash, equivalent to 48% of GDP. Meanwhile, US companies also continue to operate with high levels of liquidity. The willingness to use leverage during the current cycle has, however, been somewhat higher in the US vis-à  -vis Japan. There is also aShow MoreRelatedHow Does Cracks Appear Within The Fomc s Unity Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagescase for a higher policy rate had recently strengthened, Fed Chair Yellen has flip-flopped and sided with the dovish members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). 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